Description īixa orellana is a perennial, tall shrub that can reach 6–10 m (20–33 ft) high. The nickname, "lipstick tree", derived from use of the dye as a cosmetic. Colloquial names include bija, roucou, orellana, annatto, achiote, and many other names used regionally. It may also be referred to as aploppas, or by its original Tupi name uruku, urucu or urucum ("red color"), which is also used for the body paint prepared from its seeds. The name achiote derives from the Nahuatl word for the shrub, āchiotl. The botanical genus name derives from the aboriginal Taíno word "bixa", while the specific epithet was derived in honor of the Amazon explorer Francisco de Orellana, an early explorer of the Amazon River. The name, Bixa orellana, was given by Linnaeus. For this reason, the Bixa orellana is sometimes called the lipstick tree. Some of the indigenous peoples of North, Central, and South American originally used the seeds to make red body paint and lipstick, as well as a spice. Annatto and its extracts are also used as an industrial food coloring to add yellow or orange color to many products such as butter, cheese, margarine, ice creams, meats, and condiments.
The ground seeds are widely used in traditional dishes in Central and South America, Mexico, and the Caribbean, such as cochinita pibil, chicken in achiote, caldo de olla, and nacatamal. The tree is best known as the source of annatto, a natural orange-red condiment (also called achiote or bijol) obtained from the waxy arils that cover its seeds. Bixa orellana is grown in many countries worldwide. Bixa orellana, also known as achiote, is a shrub native to Central America.
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